Research Proposal on Employee Relations Essay Example

Research Proposal on Employee Relations Essay Employee relations is the study which investigates the industrial and interpersonal relations of employees of a certain company. It is natural, that business and management touch upon not simply the problem of production, finance, accounting, technical aspects of the work of the company but also the relations and position of employees in the company. Employee relations is closely connected with human resource management and very often these terms are confused and used as synonyms. Employees play the important role in the development of the prosperous company which can compete on the market. Every employer wants to see the talented, intelligent and qualified employees in the staff and he has to work hard to attract the team of such bright minds who will fulfill their duties well. In fact, the problem of employee relations is very broad and analyzes numerous obvious and hidden aspects. For example, many co-workers can not coexist in the single office and in this case numerous conflicts appear. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Employee Relations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Employee Relations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Employee Relations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The task of the employer is to provide the favorable conditions for work, where every employee would feel respected, protected and praised. If there are problems between the employees and their employer – it is also the subject of the research of employee relations, because every trouble, which has social character and influences the position, attitude and conditions of work provided for employees, is worth separate attention. Employee relations embrace also the problem of strikes, employee movements, labor parties, etc. Since employees have received rights for the adequate conditions of work and respect, numerous organizations and movements protect these rights and maintain employee’s well-being and protection. The problem of employee relations is quite useful for the research and the student is able to develop his critical thinking skills and knowledge practising various methods of the research and revealing the aspects of the problem in the appropriate way. The research proposal has to be informative, logical and brief. The student is expected to explain why he has chosen to research the topic on employee relations, what questions he wants to solve, what methods to apply and what results he wants to achieve. It is important to keep the writing in the persuasive tone in order to make the professor believe that the selected topic on employee relations is really interesting and requires additional attention. There are many ways to prepare a successful research proposal, but the most favorable method is to read a free example research proposal on employee relations in the Internet and see how a well-organized paper looks like. If one does not know about the appropriate manner of convincing writing, he should use a free sample research proposal on employee relations written by the well-educated expert. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Employee Relation topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

The Girl Next Door essays

The Girl Next Door essays The Girl next door is a hard movie not to like, its a raunchy good charmed teenage movie. Its not hard to see why it is so successful: it is the rare teen movie that manages to be funny and sincere without going to far. If you compare The Girl Next Door to the movie, American Pie, even though American Pie is very popular it resorts to the style of gross humour. The Girl Next door has a lot of adult situations just like American Pie but its better natured, there isnt a eww moment to be found. Matthew, played by Emile Hirsch is a high school senior, the president of the school government and an all-around nice guy. He only has a couple of friends and compared to everyone else at school hes a nerd. He's recently been accepted to Georgetown University, and is a finalist for a scholarship. But when he goes to fill out his yearbook quote at the very beginning of the movie "What I will never forget about high school is...", he realizes he has nothing to remember because he hasnt done anything outrageous or out of the ordinary. All this changes when Danielle moves in next door, which of course is, The girl next door. He watches her first walk into the house then from his room he can see her getting unchanged, she is absolutely beautiful. She saw him looking and then comes over and asks his parents if she can be shown around the town by Matthew. She then embarrasses him by forcing him to strip in the middle of the street while she shines the car lights onto him. They begin to spend time together, and soon they are going out. Their first kiss stands out strongest, Danielle persuades Matt to go to a school party where he is not invited. Matthew gets told to leave, and Danielle is being talked up by a jock. Matthew then stands there and you can tell he is thinking about what to do. Then he does something he wouldnt usually do, he strolls up to Danielle and j ...

The Central Role of Lurie in Coetzees Disgrace Essay

The Central Role of Lurie in Coetzees Disgrace - Essay Example Thus, a story â€Å"speaks to† each person in a similar fashion. â€Å"By reading a moral story, a child learns how important it is to â€Å"live† a virtue and gains a deeper understanding of the moral life†( Narvaez 157). On the other hand, Ormond (47) concurs with this notion when he suggests that â€Å"from a Vygotskian perspective, gradual entry into adult activities enables children to engage in behaviors and thinking skills within their zones of proximal development.† In this case, the author’s development of character revolves around the language, the perception and the thoughts of Lurie, who appears to direct the character associated with all the aspects of character development. Against this background, this paper will discuss the central role of Lurie in the author’s development of different characters throughout the book. The book clearly presents the position of men and women as well as sex and the disgrace that comes with it. The author writes these ideas through the eyes of Lurie, where the reader is exposed to his spoken dialogue as well as the unspoken thoughts – which portray his discourse, desire and passions. Even though the novel is written in third person, the language, perceptions and the thoughts of Lurie dominate the narrative, which shows that character development for all others is filtered through that of Lurie. However, exposure to Lurie’s person does not present intimacy; so much as it portrays his isolation. Through the story, Coetzee represents different characters through that of Lurie. For example, he presents the position of all others – through the subjective outlook of Lurie. However, this is not entirely true; as it appears that his shallow outlook of women is what has caused his two previous divorces and his inability to connect with women. This leads to the contrast that he is

Business Codes of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Codes of Ethics - Essay Example A well designed code of ethics will help highlight the resources available to achieve various goals set at the personal and corporate levels. A good code of ethics document will inspire confidence in all business associates – like suppliers, clients and employees. The rest of the essay will critically analyze the codes of ethics of two accounting firms and evaluate their merits in the process. The two firms chosen for the exercise are KPMG and Grant Thornton (Budd, 2007). â€Å"At KPMG, our promise of professionalism to each other, our clients, and the capital markets we serve, compels us to align our culture of integrity with our values, words, and actions. By setting high standards for ourselves, and our clients, our commitment to upholding KPMG’s values is clear: There is never a situation when compromising our standards is either expected or acceptable. To support our culture of integrity, KPMG has further developed a robust ethics program that includes our Code of Conduct, as well as the Ethics and Compliance Hotline†. (Budd, 2007) The above passage captures the essence of what KPMG stands for as an organization. The language is unambiguous and the sentences are well structured – two essential qualities for business writing. It also makes it clear how imperative ethics are to the firm – not compromising their standards in any situation. Keeping pace with the times they have developed a easy to use Ethics and Compliance Hotline, which can be availed by all business associates. So, in this regard, KPMG adheres to international standards of maintaining ethical business conduct (Shearer, 2002). â€Å"Being at the cutting edge of professional development is vital for an accounting and advisory organization operating in a dynamic business and regulatory environment. By taking an active role in entities that liaise with regulators, promoting high-quality professional standards and insisting upon high standards of ethical behavior, senior

Writing to Evaluate - Product Evaluation Research Paper

Writing to Evaluate - Product Evaluation - Research Paper Example s specification is always the driving force of innovation; this is because most of the manufactures want to comply with the prospective customers to realize more sales (Choulasco, 2012). In this regard, it should not escape our knowledge that satisfying the customers demand is not construed absolutely; this may compromise the need to check into other aspects like health etc. It is then important to know that in as much as the customers may be demanding certain specification in their evaluation, striking a balance with other aspects is equally important. In my product evaluation, I consider upright vacuum cleaners as more efficient and reliable in the cleaning that involves big carpets and other similar materials. The reasons behind this are the following: with the upright vacuum cleaner, it is possible to maintain the upright posture as you undertake the cleaning. This avoids the all tiresome posture of stooping while doing the cleaning (Choulasco, 2012). In this case, one is able to do the cleaning for a long time as well as doing much of the cleaning using the upright vacuum cleaner. Upright vacuums also have a larger vacuum cleaner bag that that of the canister ones (Choulasco, 2012). This is helpful in the sense that one needs not to frequently empty the bag, you can do cleaning in just one whole round without changing the vacuum bag. The other advantage of using the upright vacuum cleaner is that it is made in such a way that when using it, you do not lug the vacuum behind, this makes it appropriate for doing cleaning of large carpets and hallways (Aguirre, 2012). In addition to this, the upright vacuum cleaners are also much efficient and can clean a bigger space owing to their large cleaning path. The cleaners have a larger cleaning path than most of the cleaning vacuums and this makes them have an edge in cleaning materials such as carpets (Aguirre, 2012). Despite all the advantages accrued in the upright vacuums, they still retail at much accommodative

Strategies for Elderly Care and Dementia

Strategies for Elderly Care and Dementia INTRODUCTION There is often a stigma for people who have dementia because of the poor understanding of dementia and how to provide care for them. Although there is a strong association between dementia and old age this is not always the case as there are many reports of dementia in younger people. There is currently approximately 4000 people under the age of 65 with dementia in Ireland(The Irish National Dementia Strategy, 2015) In my report I will explore this in more detail after using various methodologies including internet, books, articles, journals, published reports, class notes, family members who have cared for a dementia sufferer and my own life experience. Main Body What is Dementia? What are the physiological and psychological changes that occur for the older person with Dementia? Dementia is the term used for a wide range of symptoms which sees a decline in intellectual functioning which is caused by a degeneration of the brain. (Hse.ie, 2015) There are many different forms of dementia I will cover the four main ones. Alzheimers Disease Is the most common type of Dementia. It starts off gradual and progress’s slowly. There are three main stages mild, moderate and severe. Each person progress’s differently. Symptoms can get worse during times of stress, ill health(infection) or fatigue. (Dementia.ie, 2015) Lewy body Disease Progress’s quickly and usually effects the part of the brain that control thinking and movement. Therefore the symptoms often are similar to parkinson’s disease ie tremor, shuffling gait. (Dementia.ie, 2015) Fronto temporal lobe Dementia Is caused by damage to the frontal/temporal lobes of the brain. Aspects effected are control, reasoning, personality and movement. Usually effects people at a younger age compared with Alzheimer’s (Dementia.ie, 2015) Vascular Dementia Deterioration of cognitive function caused by mini strokes that are not detected. (Dementia.ie, 2015) Explore the persons needs in relation to the condition. As all types of dementias develop in different stages and each person goes through these stages at different rates of time it is important to have different care plans that are updated regularly for each person if any changes occur even small changes in behaviour or health. Developing a person centred dementia care approach will give the highest quality of care to the individual. According to Tom Kitwood this is ‘Care that is centred on the whole person not just on the diseased brain’ (Vladut, 2014) This can be done if we as carers take the time to find out about the persons life, their interests, likes and dislikes so that we have a foundation to work on in building up a good relationship with the person. Maintaining a healthy diet M.U.S.T analysis is performed – diet adjustments made and food intake monitored Intake and outtake of fluids documented Daily activities done to a routine is very important for a person with dementia but keeping flexibility in mind depending on the individual Reminiscence therapy activities example photo book of ones life, smell of turf fire etc Assistance with personal hygiene, dressing and mobility and letting the individual do as much as they are able to maintain independence Maintaining a safe environment at all times Keeping their dignity, respect and independence in mind at all times Assisting them keep a good self image by letting them choose their clothes and what hairstyle they would like Active listening with the individual at all times What is the role of the carer and Multidisciplinary team in assisting the person with Dementia, what practises need to be implemented, what care settings are available? The role of the carer and Multidiciplinary Team (MDT) is to provide the best quality of care to the person with dementia. To include: Safe Environmentadhering to good housekeeping Risk assessment on environment Living Environmentgood manual handling practices Familiar surroundings Allowed have their own belongings and personal items ie, photos, home like settings if in a care home. Daily ActivitiesSonas Therapy, ie light exerises, music, smelling oils, tasting and textures and lights. Reality Orientation Therapy, using dolls, household items and day to day activities. Household duties – such as folding napkins or doing light gardening Personal AppearanceGood personal hygiene Correct clothing and footwear Assistance with hair if not manageable Maintaining clients dignity, respect and privacy at all times Good RelationshipsBuilding up a good stable relationship is vital Understanding their needs and taking the time to listen Social interaction with other clients, family, friends and workers It is vital in order to keep the client’s independence for the MDT to take our time with the person with dementia and allow them to do as much as they are able According to dementia.ie who conducted a countrywide survey there are 55 care settings in Ireland who are specific to dementia, which is very low considering the high numbers of people with Dementia according to the census in 2011. In the Laois area there is only 1 facility who specialise in dementia care available to people. St Brigids Hospital, Shaen, Portlaoise. 32 patients occupy this facility. According to the census in 2011 711 people in Laois have dementia(Anon, 2015) State the current approaches towards developing quality services for people with Dementia. The National Dementia Strategy Ireland was set up to make an improvement for the people with dementia and their families and carers. It provides information for the clients, their family and carers about the different support networks available to make their quality of life to a high standard. This is ongoing since 2011; they are hoping to have all the strategies in place by 2016. This will be a major breakthrough for Dementia Care in Ireland. (Dementia Services Information and Development Centre, 2015). Anon, (2015) Dementia Services Information and Development Centre – St James Hospital currently offer various courses on Dementia Care for Care workers and management. The Carers Association, Portlaoise offers information and support for carers on Dementia. (Carersireland.com, 2015) Alzheimer’s Association, Portlaoise offer a face to face support network for Alzheimers clients and their family and carers, and hope to open an Alzheimers Cafà © in Portlaoise where people with dementia, their family and carers can go to have a cup of tea to share their stories with other sufferers of dementia.(Alzheimer Society of Ireland, 2015) There has been a major breakthrough regarding medication for dementia, Aricept (Doneperil HCI) – made by Pfizer is a prescription medicine used to treat all types of dementia and can prolong the illness by up to 15 years if used after an early diagnosis. This medication works by stopping the breakdown of chemical called acetylcholine in the brain which when levels of this chemical decrease in the brain signs of dementia appear. (RxList, 2015) Conclusion During my research for this project I have learned that there is an ongoing research and development in ireland for Dementia care. This is much needed in order to combat this disease. I have learned that early diagnosis is key when dealing with dementia and with more widespread education a lot more people could deal with this this disease better. With our aging population I feel this is vital for this country as statistics say this disease will only get worse so with the help of many organisations and researchers we can deal with dementia head on. This will immensely improve the quality of life and quality of care for people with dementia. 2011 Census figures (Estimated number and projected growth in the number of people with dementia in Ireland by age group, 2011-2046(The Irish national Dementia Strategy) References Hse.ie, (2015). HSE.ie Coping with Dementia. [online] Available at: http://www.hse.ie/eng/services/list/4/olderpeople/tipsforhealthyliving/dementia.html [Accessed 14 Jan. 2015]. Leonard, S. (2015). Column: 4,000 people under the age of 65 are living with dementia in this country. [online] TheJournal.ie. Available at: http://www.thejournal.ie/readme/national-dementia-strategy-ireland-1840029-Dec2014/ [Accessed 14 Jan. 2015]. LIVESTRONG.COM, (2011). The Physical Effects of Alzheimers | LIVESTRONG.COM. [online] Available at: http://www.livestrong.com/article/104354-physical-effects-alzheimers/ [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. Nutricia.ie, (2015). What is dementia? www.nutricia.ie. [online] Available at: http://www.nutricia.ie/articles/what_is_dementia [Accessed 12 Jan. 2015]. Aricept.com, (2015). Aricept Home. [online] Available at: http://www.aricept.com/ [Accessed 12 Jan. 2015]. Alzheimers Society, (2015). Behavioural and psychological symptoms in Alzheimers disease The Journal of Quality Research in Dementia, Issue 1 (lay summary) Alzheimers Society. [online] Available at: http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=311pageNumber=3 [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. Alz.org, (2015). Vascular Dementia | Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis. [online] Available at: http://www.alz.org/dementia/vascular-dementia-symptoms.asp [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. Dementia.ie, (2015). Dementia. [online] Available at: http://www.dementia.ie/ [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. http://www.atlanticphilanthropies.org/sites/default/files/uploads/Irish-National-Dementia-Strategy-Eng.pdf [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. Alzheimer Society of Ireland, (2015). Laois Alzheimer Society of Ireland. [online] Available at: http://www.alzheimer.ie/Services-Support/Services-in-your-county/Laois.aspx [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. Carersireland.com, (2015). [online] Available at: http://carersireland.com/services.php [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. Vladut, C. (2014). What is person centred care in caring for people with dementia? NurseBuddy Next Generation Home Care. [online] NurseBuddy Next Generation Home Care. Available at: http://nursebuddy.co/what-is-person-centred-care-in-caring-for-people-with-dementia/ [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: http://www.genio.ie/files/Dementia_Prevalence_2011_2046.pdf [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. RxList, (2015). Aricept (Donepezil Hydrochloride) Patient Information: Side Effects and Drug Images at RxList. [online] Available at: http://www.rxlist.com/aricept-drug/patient-images-side-effects.htm [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. Alzheimers Society, (2015). Brain imaging in dementia The Journal of Quality Research in Dementia, Issue 1 (lay summary) Alzheimers Society. [online] Available at: http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=311pageNumber=4 [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. Leonard, S. (2015). Column: 4,000 people under the age of 65 are living with dementia in this country. [online] TheJournal.ie. Available at: http://www.thejournal.ie/readme/national-dementia-strategy-ireland-1840029-Dec2014/ [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. Alzheimers Society, (2015). Stem cells in dementia The Journal of Quality Research in Dementia, Issue 1 Alzheimers Society. [online] Available at: http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=77pageNumber=7 [Accessed 19 Jan. 2015]. FETAC LEVEL 5 HEALTHCARE SUPPORT1EDEL BREW

Leviticus Essay -- essays research papers

Leviticus 11 is dealing with the subject of cleanness and uncleanness, specifically, with the subject of clean and unclean foods. The word "clean"has a lot of different meanings today depending upon the context in which it is used. For one thing, the expression clean and its counterpoint unclean is one of the prominent themes of Leviticus. Unclean and its cognates occurs 132 times in the Old Testament; over half of these are in Leviticus. So the sense of uncleanness is a predominate theme, and the word clean, along with its related terms, occurs 74 times in Leviticus, which is over one-third of the uses found in the Old Testament. When we come to chapter 11, it is stated that cleanness and uncleanness has to do principally with food. It deals secondarily with cleanness or uncleanness that is the result of contact with a dead animal, but it seems the reason the dead animal is called unclean is because we couldn't eat it. Even a clean animal, a bull or a sheep, could not be eaten if it were not killed in a sacrificially prescribed way. So it has to do with food or that which is touched when dead.we find first the land creatures, the animals that roam about through the earth (vv. 1-8); then we find in verses 9-12 the water creatures, those that live under water or in the water, and finally we have the flying creatures. First, there are the land animals. There are two basic stipulations which must be met bef...

Credit crunch Essay

The credit crunch which is also known as a credit crisis, finance crunch or credit squeeze is best described as a condition that makes investment capital hard or difficult to obtain. It is the sudden reduction in the availability of credit and loans or the abrupt tightening of loan borrowing conditions by financial institutions. Therefore credit crunch is generally associated with reduced credit availability although it might be independent of interest rates increase. During this period investors and lenders seek investments that they consider to be less risky and make flight to quality. This is usually at the expense and disadvantage of medium and small sized business enterprises. The price of liability and debt products is therefore driven up by the wariness of the banks and investors to lend money to corporations. The credit crunch condition is usually considered as a product or an extension of recessions. What causes credit crunch  The sudden wariness of banks and other investors to lend to corporations may be the result of a variety of reasons. First and foremost the slow lending activity could be as a consequence of the central government imposing or forcing direct credit controls on banks and the banking system in general. It could also be the product of banks anticipation decline with regard to the collateral value used they used to secure their loans. Additionally it could be a result of an unexpected raise in reserve requirements or other monetary conditions by the central bank. Moreover perceived increase in risks concerning the solvency of lending institutions within the system of banking could also cause a slow down in lending activity. Credit crunches could also be the effect of sustained periods of careless lending that consequently leads to losses and huge bad debts for investors. The institutions are then forced to react by raising interest rates and decreasing credits that can be made available for lending purposes. Because of the losses that these institutions and investors had earlier incurred it becomes hard for them to lend further than the fixed levels even if they wished to do so. The crunch can also be generally as a result of a decline in the prices or value of assets that had been previously over inflated. The price collapse then substantially leads to a financial crisis. Consequently new entrepreneurs or investors in the market may be forced to foreclosure or bankruptcy as the values of the assets that had been previously inflated go down. In the event of credit crunch especially if the capital available will not be sufficient to survive the credit cycle businesses may prefer to go into liquidation, sell or mark to market. Credit crunch occurs in cycles. During its upward phase assets can experience leverage bidding and induced inflation in prices. Effects of credit crunch on the economy. Generally the crunch has acted to decrease economic growth by disabling major industries and key factors of production which are important to ensure a thriving economy. The credit crunch has not only affected the financial markets in the country but it has gone ahead to affect the ordinary customer and consumer who usually support and also benefit from a booming economy. The credit crunch in the United Kingdom has basically meant that customers are experiencing an increase in the rates and fees charged to them by banks and other financial institutions. For the customer more security is required in cases where the individuals want to take new loans or make overdrafts. For suppliers the situation remains the same with equipment loans getting even harder to acquire and overdrafts being called in or basically being reduced. The rates offered by the financial institutions have soared way past most suppliers’ capabilities and guarantees and debentures have become the order of the day (OL 2007, 2-4). The increased lending rates have resulted to restricted people spending and have also left individuals at a loss not knowing from which other sources to tap their finances. Additionally the economy’s supply capacity has been dramatically affected. The economy’s potential output has been reduced leading to a shortage of goods and services. This also means that the ability to produce innovative goods and services has also been deterred as this also depends on lending services provided by financial institutions that are incapable of lending out enough at the moment. Lack of profitability as a result of reduced innovation has thus become a norm leading to a further economic slowdown. The economy has been deeply affected also because investor confidence and trust in the financial markets has gone down. This means profitable business has ceased and that making losses has become the norm for the economy the implication being deficits in the government budget. More so as a consequence the public sector has gone into deficits (BBC News 2008, 3-5). This is a devastating situation for the economy after enjoying not less than fifteen years of economic growth. Big financial firms have been forced to closure or have had to be rescued with massive damage having been experienced on their banks balance sheets. Investment banks have recorded major losses in their financial books and further aggravated by the decline of structured credit values. Money markets short term lending has become way too expensive and the medium period unsecured lending and securitization which were among the key sources of funds for financial have dried up. Most companies have additionally been forced to direct their income towards debts servicing. The effects have been contracted earnings and increased unemployment rates as companies struggle to cut costs. So far the largest job cuts and unemployment rates have been recorded in the housing and financing sector. In fact towards the end of this year the rates are expected to shoot to five percent which is double the figure that was previously recorded during the end of 2007. The labor market has since been weakened as the result of the crunch as more people get out of working capacities. The housing market is among the worst hit and has continued to weaken as the crunch proceeds. The prices in this market have fallen to devastating levels leading to a further decline of employment rates and real income. Obviously the investments in this sector have gone to a record low. Mortgage rates have also increased, its lending decreased and thus pushing the house prices down. The housing sector is in fact expected to experience a 24 percent drop this year (Pritchard 2009, 3-6). What Is Being Done? Over the last months the economy of the country has declined by a figure not less than 0. 8% making it even harder for the government to map out the way to recovery (Channel 4 News 2009, 1-5). Despite the governments efforts to revive and redeem the people and economy from the disastrous effects of the credit crunch most citizens are not yet satisfied and they are in fact of the opinion that very little is being done to fix the situation. The general feeling is that politicians have been merely throwing words at each other and therefore failing to turn their words into significant action. The government despite these feeling from the public is trying all it can to undo the damage, for example the Prime minister has been caught encouraging people to strive to pay their debts instead of overspending on some household commodities like food. The government is therefore trying to encourage its citizens to ensure that they have enough funds in store to clear or pay their debts and loans. This is for the reason that the more people are able to clear the amounts of money they owe as loans the easier it will be for the credit crunch to fade away after some time. Additionally people are being encouraged to take loans that have rates that they will be able to afford. This is because if people keep up the habit of borrowing loans with high rates and therefore unaffordable to them, the worse the credit crunch situation is going to be. Taking up loans with higher interest rates only create greater debts for lenders because people eventually end up struggling to pay or not paying at all, the effect will then be a prolonged credit crunch (Gillepse 2009, 5-7) Additionally the government opted to increase guarantee on savings in order to discourage or stop mass withdrawals of financial institutions. The implication is that savers have their first not less than 35,000 pounds guaranteed in full unlike the previous years where only savings of not more than 2000 pounds would be guaranteed in full. The government in addition made various attempts to maintain interest rates and keep them on hold for a while due to the turmoil in the economy. They have also severally in the past year cut the rates with the aim of easing the situation, trying to bring it under control and to assist borrowers. The government has moreover tried to persuade its citizens to stay clear of overvalued assets which are all hostage within the credit cycle such quartet resources include for example those in the travel, chemicals and construction industries. The government has also tried to carry out systemic injections in an effort to help fix the crisis. It has furthermore tried to come up with various rescue packages for the financial sector to add to their numerous efforts to restore investor confidence. But until the investor trust in the markets is restored it seems there is little that the government can do as at now to ease the crisis. The government has as well sort the help of the globe to fix this situation for the reason the country is also highly dependent on banking flows that cross the county’s borders. Question marks and eye brows have been raised about the banking systems fiscal policy, regulation and general governance and their ability to guard the system form excessive risk taking. In conclusion recession is a condition that has devastating effects on the economy of any country. Especially in this decade the market forces operate in such a way that it has become very hard for economists to precisely predict any looming crisis to ensure that governments take preventive measures early enough. Market forces have served to increase the cost of living not only in the country but also globally. Wealth distribution has consequently become uneven with the margin between the rich and the poor becoming even wider. All the governments’ have left is to institute the right regulations and policies that will especially work to enhance the operations of our financial systems and then hope that when the markets recover from this crunch that will be the end of financial crises.

Analysis and Problems of Global Communications

The pending expansion of Global Communications into the international arena has significant implications, both positive and negative, for the corporation. Although the company is going through a difficult time at the present, with stock depreciations, a lack of innovation, and pending layoffs, the potential for growth and for increased profitability with the new direction chosen by the company's executives is very real. If Global Communications can address the challenges immediately facing it, take advantage of the opportunities which are available, and at the same time balance the needs of competing groups of stakeholders, it can realize several of its long-term goals as outlined later in this paper. Diminishing returns across the entire telecommunications industry have negatively affected the stock and profitability of Global Communications. Excessive amounts of competition from companies worldwide have diluted the market as well as offered a wide range of features that Global Communications does not currently provide. Small providers offer specialized services, and larger multinationals offer lower prices and more competitive service choices. Global Communications has chosen to address this problem by simultaneously attempting to cut costs while expanding internationally; their primary method of achieving these immediate goals is through closing some domestic call centers and opening new centers overseas. The employees' union has obvious problems with this strategy of layoffs and outsourcing, and has questioned Global Communications' loyalty to its workers. The company faces significant problems, both fiscally and intangible issues such as employee loyalty. The first of these issues is the declining price of Global Communications stock, presumably due to the increased amount of competition in the field. Such a decline in overall profitability is the most pressing problem facing the company; however, it is also the broadest in that several more specific problems contribute to this overall issue. One of the contributing factors is the need for new services and innovations in research and development. Such innovations require capital and financial resources, which relates to the problem of declining confidence among stockholders, who are wondering if they industry can recover from the competitive situation in which it currently finds itself. The problem of stockholder confidence therefore contributes to the lack of funds available for innovations and research, meaning that the company must find a way to increase profits without depending on stockholder confidence. The initial attempt to address these financial issues, outsourcing many jobs to Ireland and India, has also created more problems for Global. The employee union feels betrayed and is threatening legal action regarding the layoffs. Additionally, the public relations issue regarding this outsourcing is an important one for Global to address in order to prevent a public backlash in response to the outsourcing and union-relations issues. Despite the many problems facing Global, several opportunities exist for the company to grow and become as profitable as it was during the previous era. There is an immediate opportunity available to lower the costs of labor facing the company by utilizing the outsourcing plan and the labor available overseas. Such an action will free up company resources to be spent on research and development of new services and products, which will rebuild the base of Global Communications customers through the many services offered. Additionally, such an expansion in services will increase the market share for Global among small business owners, one of the company's overall goals, and offer the opportunity to reinforce a public perception of Global as one of the leaders in telecommunications technology. Besides these profitability issues, there is an opportunity to establish new norms regarding the union and employee relations within Global. Perhaps an established plan of communication or route of information dissemination can be created, and career counseling and training could be offered for the employees who were laid off, helping re-establish the public and in-company perception of Global. The most obvious opportunity for Global is also the broadest; the chance for the company to grow and return to previous years' profitability is one that exists in the current atmosphere of change. Global leaders must take advantage of the many opportunities to change the company, its relationships, and its products and technology as soon as possible. Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas There are several groups of stakeholders in this discussion; from the individual stockholders to the union members to the highest executives, the different groups all have different priorities in the Global restructuring. Stockholders have at heart the long-term profitability and growth of the company, similar to the priority of global executives to see the company grow and profit overall. Other groups, notably the employees and union representatives, have as their first priority the job security and salary of employees as their first priority; the relationship with management and the pending layoffs are more important to these groups than profitability or growth. Finally, the executives in the U. S. ave more concern over these job cuts than do the global executives, since they are the ones who will be most adversely affected by the layoffs and outsourcing. The struggle between these groups to have their own needs prioritized represents an ethical dilemma for Global; the negative affects of the layoffs must be weighed against the overall survival of the company; the detriment to individual employees and public perception must be weighed against continuing Global's position as an innovator and industry leader. Global Communications and the employees' union can both benefit from the increased profitability which will happen as a result of the outsourcing and shift in services offered; in the long-term, both groups can work to create benefit and profit for individual stockholders as well as company executives and management. This long-term benefit will additionally give Global employees greater job security. The progress of Global toward the situations possible by the many opportunities available to it can be measured through several objective methods. One that is mentioned in the 3/2/04 memo is a concrete goal of reducing costs by 40%. Such a goal will naturally benefit the company based on the reduction of cost and increase of profits. Additionally, a concrete goal to resolve the issues with the employees' union without legal or governmental action would be an excellent way to re-establish the relationship between the company and the union. Another measurable goal would be to return the stock price to a certain level, for example, that of the previously profitably $28/share. Global Communications faces some immediate and important problems, such as decreased profitability, decreased stockholder confidence, pending layoffs and the public-relations issues which accompany them, and increased competition within the telecommunications industry which requires new innovations and development. Despite these immediate problems, there are many opportunities for Global to benefit from its current situation; it can take advantage of the chance to reduce costs by outsourcing and then increase research and development with those funds; it can re-negotiate the relationship with its employees' union to a more beneficial one for both parties; and it can remodel itself as a modern, cutting-edge competitor in the field of telecommunications. Such opportunities can benefit all stakeholders in Global, from the individual stockholders to employees to global executives, by strengthening the financial and community/social situations of the company. Although the implementation of these changes may be uncomfortable at times and even immediately painful for several groups (the employees' union, for example), the overall benefit for everyone involved must be kept in mind. Long-term goals can be used to track the company's progress toward achieving its end goal of returning to an innovating, profitable organization

Gay Anti-Discrimination Cases essays

Gay Anti-Discrimination Cases essays "If Bowers said it was constitutional to criminalize homosexual conduct," as the argument goes, "how can Evans, without even discussing Bowers, find unconstitutional the lesser step of simply prohibiting anti-discrimination provisions that protect homosexuals?" Though Romer held that animus was an impermissible justification for a Colorado law which denied homosexuals the right to have laws passed protecting them from discrimination, the statute at issue in this case, and Bowers v. Hardwick, is not based on animus against persons, but rather on a legitimate state interest in promoting sexual morality. As a result, Romer described the formation of a structural caste system created on the basis of sexual orientation which was deemed unconstitutional. In contrast, Bowers pertained to governing forms of behavior considered constitutional under "light" scrutiny. The foremost concern in Romer, Amendment 2 to Colorados state constitution, would have established constitutional restraints that would disallow any municipality or other local government to pass gay rights statutes. In Romer, the Court held on Equal Protection grounds that Amendment 2 discriminated against homosexuals merely on the basis of animus, which is an impermissible basis for legislation of any kind. Romer did not apply strict scrutiny to the Colorado amendment. Rather, the Courts opinion held that Amendment 2 was impermissible even under the light tests of rational relatedness to legitimate government purposes. The Court wrote that homosexuals are put in a solitary class without the availability of legal protection. Though there was no fundamental right at issue, the classification of persons into classes was found to itself be at odds with the American constitutional tradition. At the end of the Romer opinion, the Court added that in addition to the far-reaching defi ciencies of Amendment...

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Cyber security - Coursework Example More than one person should have passwords that permit accessibility of files. This can save time wastage when one person who has the password is sick, on vacation or is dead. Individuals with the passwords should be known so that any breach or leakage should be traced to the one responsible. In as much as several governments are trying to come up with e-government systems that have user friendly and basic graphical interface, they should put up measures that ensure that information security is maintained. They should not only focus on minimizing the costs of data storage. They should lay emphasis on data privacy and confidentiality. 2. Cyber-crime is a transnational issue that makes extradition exceedingly difficult. Using the Wikileak’s case, discuss whether or not the breach of the U.S. classified network warrants the extradition and trial of Wikileaks founder Julian Assange in the United States. Data security is an essential issue when it comes to security information of any nation. Strict international laws against data leakage are inevitable for the benefit of every country. Trials of individuals who breach another country’s security network should be left for the aggrieved country. Data breach and leakage should be considered a crime, whether it is done from an office or at home. The United States government is unable to try Mr. Assange, a Swedish and founder of Wikileaks, for breaching the confidentiality of the United States security and official data. The United States cannot try him since there is no international rule that considers his actions a crime. Additionally, national rules and laws of a single state cannot be applied to citizens of other countries. It is extremely essential that cyber security be considered a vital issue in a meeting of the United Nations. In the meeting, it is anticipated that the organization should declare cyber breaching and

Social Contract Theory of John Locke Research Paper

Social Contract Theory of John Locke - Research Paper Example The US constitution includes the Bill of rights, which protects the freedom, liberty, and other rights of the individuals; at the same time, the constitution specifies the scope of authority of the President, the Judiciary, and the Congress. Thus, the constitution in its true sense in indeed a contract between the individuals and the state, whereby the natural laws of the individuals are intact and the state authority has been specified as well. Moreover, the criminal justice system also follows the principals of Locke`s social contract theory, as the system ensures that the rights and the belongings of individuals are protected, and, by collective submissiveness to law, all citizens empower the system to take punitive action against the violators. In this context, one can conclude that freedom leads to complete independence and liberation; however, as per the social contract, one also has to fulfill the duties and comply with ethical standards to obtain one`s own rights. Social cont ract is an intellectual, even political theoretical paradigm, which focuses on the origins of the society and the legitimacy of the state authority over the individuals of the state. The basic tenet of this theory implies that the individuals of the state have permitted the state to exercise power over them to protect their rights and freedoms; in other words, there is a social contract between the state and the individuals – the people will give authority to the government and, in turn, seek the protection of their natural laws. Different theorists have come up with their own versions of the theory, with the same basic assumptions but, however, with minute differences in the perspectives. Hugo Grotius (1625) gave the idea of the natural laws and argued that all individuals should comply with the moral and religious values to ensure that everyone receives their due share of rights. Thomas Hobbes has an important contribution to the development of the theory, as he suggested t hat a social contract resulted between individuals and the state due to the anarchy, which was the reason behind poor living conditions of the individuals. Rousseau, on the other hand, gave a different version of the theory, as he believed that the general will of the people should be considered for the social contract, as every person has the right to express his or her will – thus he aimed at attaining social contract not by collective will but rather by the general will of the individuals. However, Pierre-Joseph’s version of the social contract implies that the contract is a result of the individuals trying to avoid coercion from other individuals; he argued that the contract is a result of â€Å"†¦ An agreement with a man to a man...† (Morris, 1990). However, Locke`s form of social contract theory implies that the individuals would willingly form a state in an effort to protect their natural rights by virtue of the state, which would further be discusse d in detail. (Morris, 1990) John Locke is of the view that the natural law transcends all other man-made laws, and thus, to protect these natural laws, the individuals themselves willingly give authority to